在临床前实验中,大小鼠常作为研究对象来模拟人类世界中的真实情况,以小鼠为例,在短短的2-3年中,大小鼠以比人更快的速度走完生命的每个阶段。
尤其在1月龄以前,小鼠年龄变化速度是人类的150倍[1]。0-21日龄之间的大小鼠对应人类婴儿至青春早期,这期间乳鼠的外观变化甚至以天为单位。 在实验应用上,乳鼠可以应用于以下方面:
其他颜色小鼠(如BALB/c,DBA/2等)和大鼠(CD)在0-21日龄间发育变化特点与C57BL/6类似,可以通过几个重要变化来大致判断乳鼠的日龄范围:
裸鼠(Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu)的毛发受到Foxn1基因缺失的影响,绝大部分无法突出体表,在离乳前整体呈现全身光裸的状态,部分个体在头面部、颈部有稀疏毛发长出。同窝的杂合子个体(Foxn1nu/+)被毛变化与普通鼠无异。除毛发外,裸鼠及同窝杂合子动物的其他外观变化参考普通小鼠。
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