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肿瘤最新研究进展集锦

科学洞察2022-04-21

一、细胞治疗

 

1、通用型癌症免疫细胞疗法---CAR iPS-T细胞新进展

Generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from genetically engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells

 

关键词:Hypoimmunogenic iPSC-derived T cells , CAR-modified tKO/E iPSC-T cells,NOG/MHC dKO mice, T cell immunotherapy.

 

摘要:CAR-T自体治疗已在全球上市几款药物,但临床治疗中只能使用患者自身的细胞,临床治疗成本及细胞的可获得性受到了极大的限制。科学家在积极寻求异体来源的T细胞作为突破口,其中来源于异体的原代T细胞,由于通过多次基因编辑消除移植的T细胞中的HLA和其他免疫激活蛋白,这会导致T细胞发生功能衰竭。 而本次研究中使用了诱导性多能干细胞iPSCs,通过多次基因编辑消除异体因子和激活细胞毒性因子,分化后形成的tKO/E iPSC-T细胞,不仅能避免免疫排斥作用,进一步进行CAR-modified后,在体内外研究中有较强的抗肿瘤活力。文献中表明NOG-dKO(MHC-I- and MHC-II-knockout NOG)小鼠减少异种反应,这将增加iPS-T细胞的观察时间,并且能为iPS-T细胞治疗提供更准确的临床预测。

这些结果表明诱导性多能干细胞iPSCs具有无限的扩展潜力,可以分化成任何细胞类型,包括用于过继性细胞免疫疗法的T细胞。重要的是,它们的扩展和分化潜力都不会受到多次基因编辑的影响。经基因改造的低免疫原性iPSC衍生的T细胞可能有助于现成的T细胞免疫疗法的产生。

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002062/

 

 

2、基因修饰的TIL细胞治疗(PDCD-1敲除)的临床前抗肿瘤活性及生产可行性分析

Preclinical Activity And Manufacturing Feasibility of Genetically Modified PDCD-1 Knockout(KO) Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte(TIL) Cell Thetapy.

 

关键词:MOCK TIL+ anti-PD-1, PDCD-1 KO TIL, Antitumor Activity, hIL-2 NOG mice,Manufacturing Feasibility

 

摘要:在2022 AACR 会议上,Lovance Biotherapeutics报道了一款基因修饰的TIL细胞治疗(PDCD-1 KO)的临床前体内治疗效果。利用hIL-2 NOG小鼠,发现PDCD-1 KO TIL的治疗效果远高于MOCK TIL和PD-1联合给药组。表明了内源性的敲除PDCD-1将在TIL治疗中发挥非常重要的作用。同时,分析了PDCD-1 KO TIL在工艺生产中的可行性。这些结果表明PDCD-1 KO TIL(IOV-4001)是一种治疗实体瘤的非常有潜力的临床选择,该项研究即将在黑色素瘤及非小细胞肺癌中开展临床研究。

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/16554

 

 

3、NK细胞疗法

Antitumor effect of natural killer cells on breast cancer cells in murine model

 

关键词:NK细胞疗法,乳腺癌,SKBR3,HER2,安全性评价,NOG

 

摘要:NK细胞在肿瘤微环境中起着至关重要的作用。为证明NK细胞可作为有效的细胞疗法,TSBIO从健康志愿者的外周血中分离纯化得到NK细胞,并注入SKBR3,HER2阳性乳腺癌小鼠模型体内,肿瘤体积明显减小,证明NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力,且具有安全性。

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/17968

 

 

4、CAR-T细胞疗法

PI3Kδ/γ inhibition promotes human CART cell epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming to enhance antitumor cytotoxicity

 

关键词:CAR-T工艺,PI3Kδ/γ抑制剂,T记忆干细胞(TSCM),慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)NOG

 

文献链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796652/

 

 

二、特异性抗体疗法

 

1、CCR8介导的ADCC效应增强

An ADCC enhanced anti-CCR8 antibody, which preferentially depletes tumor regulatory T cells and inhibits tumor growth

 

关键词:CCR8,Tregs, CCL1,ADCC,NOG-EXL

 

摘要:肿瘤相关调节性T细胞(Tregs)可抑制机体的抗肿瘤免疫能力。CCR8在此类Tregs表面高表达,被视为潜在的理想标识靶点。Sound Biologics研发的CCR8单抗,可通过大量消除Tregs来抑制肿瘤生长。与NK细胞疗法联用,ADCC效应增强,还可以促进NK和CD8+T细胞在肿瘤组织内部的浸润,进一步发挥抗肿瘤作用。

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/17047

 

 

2、基于新模型NOG-FcγR-/-人源化小鼠,将更有利于PD-1等抗体类药物抗肿瘤效应的准确评估

A novel humanized mouse model based on NOG-FcγR-/-mice recapitulates anti-tumor immune reactions by human immune systems in response to anti-PD-1 antibody (Nivolumab)

 

关键词:NOG-FcγR-/-, Fcγ receptors, HSC engraftment, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Nivolumab

 

摘要:CIEM Japan在NOG小鼠上进行改造得到鼠源FcγRs缺失的NOG-FcγR-/-小鼠,大大减少了鼠源性ADCC效应对肿瘤免疫治疗的潜在影响。对于HSC4、RKO、HCC827和NCI-H1975等癌症,相较于HSC-NOG,PD-1单抗(Nivolumab)在HSC-NOG-FcγR-/-肿瘤模型中可发挥出更强大的肿瘤抑制作用。说明NOG-FcγR-/-可进一步提高免疫疗法的准确性,尤其是与免疫检查点抑制剂的联合疗法。

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/18382

 

 

3、消除鼠内源性ADCC效应,增强人源ADCC抗体候选药物的药效评估准确性

Improved Detection of in vivo Human NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Using a Novel NOG-FcγR-Deficient Human IL-15 Transgenic Mouse

 

关键词:ADCC; FcγR; NK cell; humanized mice; mouse innate immunity.

 

摘要:NOG-FcγR-/-与hIL-15 NOG的杂交一代NOG-FcγR-/--hIL-15 Tg可将人源NK细胞介导的ADCC效应与鼠内源性ADCC区分开来,进一步评价抗体候选药物的体内药效。

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117338/

 

 

4、EGFR/CD16A双特异性抗体,肿瘤免疫治疗新思路

AFM24 is a novel, highly potent, tetravalent bispecific EGFR/CD16A-targeting Innate Cell Engager (ICE®) designed for the treatment of EGFR-positive malignancies.

 

关键词:EGFR, CD16A, ADCC, ADCP, triple negative breast cancer, NK cell therapy, combined therapy, hIL-15NOG

 

摘要:靶向EGFR/CD16A双特异性抗体,单用或联合过继性NK细胞,可通过ADCC和ADCP效应抑制EGFR高表达量的肿瘤生长,。该双抗药物有望突破当前传统疗法对EGFR信号通路的依赖,改变治疗思路。

 

文献链接:https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/81/13_Supplement/1881/667687/Abstract-1881-AFM24-is-a-novel-highly-potent

 

 

5、一种新型CTLA-4抗体促进冷肿瘤抗体治疗

Vectorized Treg-depleting αCTLA-4 elicits antigen cross-presentation and CD8+ T cell immunity to reject ‘cold’ tumors

 

关键词:CTLA-4, Treg depletion, αPD-1, CD8+T cell,NOG

 

文献链接  https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/1/e003488.long

 

 

三、CDX/PDX/PDO/PDOX

 

1、卵巢癌患者来源的肿瘤异种移植模型(PDX)及肿瘤类器官(PDO)建立,以助于临床前抗肿瘤药物的精准评估。

Developing Patient-Derived Organoids and Tumor Xenograft Model for Ovarian Cancer for Preclinical Therapeutic Evaluation.

 

关键词:Ovarian Cancer, Patient-Derived Organoids,Tumor Xenograft Model,Precise Preclinical Therapeutic Evaluation.

 

摘要:韩国国家癌症中心对比匹配了卵巢癌患者及现存细胞系的组织学类型及表面突变,并利用NOG小鼠建立了对应的异种移植模型(PDX);同时,也利用患者的肿瘤样本建立了卵巢癌类器官(Patient-Derived Organoid, PDO)。这将非常有利于卵巢癌患者的临床前精准评估。

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/18896

 

 

2、三阴性乳腺癌免疫系统人源化+PDX模型的建立,有助于模拟患者的真实微环境

Development of humanized patient-derived xenograft models for triple negative breast cancer

 

关键词:Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), PDX, human immune reconstitution, tumor microenvironment (TME),NOG

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/20808

 

 

3、胰腺癌患者原位异种移植(PDOX) 小鼠模型用于抗肿瘤转移药物的评估

High Incidence of Lymph-node Metastasis in a Pancreatic-cancer Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) NOG-Mouse Model

 

关键词:patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX), lymph-node metastasis, pancreatic cancer, drug discovery; intravital imaging,NOG

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35093872/

 

 

4、侵袭性乳头状胆管癌(IPC)临床前模型的建立,助力病因阐明和转化实验探究

Establishment of Patient-derived Preclinical Models for Invasive Papillary Cholangiocarcinoma

 

关键词: Invasive papillary cholangiocarcinoma (IPC),NOG

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34969769/

 

 

四、小分子疗法

 

1、MACC1可促进食管和胃腺癌(AGE/S)侵袭性,用于评估预后不良,Selumetinib可抑制MACC1阳性肿瘤的转移

Inhibition of MACC1-Induced Metastasis in Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas

 

关键词:MACC1; MEK1 inhibition; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; metastasis; selumetinib NOG

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406545/

 

 

五、联合疗法

 

1、IRAK1/4抑制剂与TKIs抑制剂联用有望根除CML

Eliminating chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by IRAK1/4 inhibitors

 

关键词:IRAK1/4 inhibitors, PD-L1, CML, leukemia stem cells,NOG-EXL

 

文献链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27928-8

 

 

2、免疫系统人源化小鼠用于细胞疗法、免疫检查点抑制剂和免疫细胞衔接器的临床前评估

Humanized mouse models for preclinical evaluation of novel immune cell therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and immune cell engagers

 

关键词:Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, immune cell therapy, glioma, neuroblastoma, combined therapy, humanized models,NOG

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/14337

 

   

六、其他

 

1、GDF-15可通过极化髓系细胞阻碍免疫细胞浸润,促进肿瘤生长

Tumor-derived GDF-15 promotes immune escape of tumors by functional alteration of the myeloid compartment

 

关键词:GDF-15, immune cell infiltration, tumor environment (TME),NOG

 

文献链接:https://cattendee.abstractsonline.com/meeting/10517/Presentation/18037

 

 

2、靶向IL-22可能成为治疗晚期皮肤T细胞淋巴癌的新思路

Downregulation of miR-26 promotes invasion and metastasis via targeting interleukin-22 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

 

关键词: CTCL; IL-22; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; interleukin-22; miR-26,NOG

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133054/

 

 

3、HK2如何参与肿瘤上皮间质转化和转移的机制探讨

A non-catalytic scaffolding activity of hexokinase 2 contributes to EMT and metastasis

 

关键词:HK2, SNAIL, breast cancer, metastasis,NOG

 

文献链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28440-3#Sec14

 

 

4、器官移植:使用3D打印技术获得人IPS来源的心脏组织,在小鼠体内获得成功应用

Scaffold-Free Tubular Engineered Heart Tissue From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Bio-3D Printing Technology in vivo

 

关键词:bio-3D bioprinting; cardiomyocyte; engineered heart tissue; human-induced pluripotent stem cell; tubular tissue.

 

文献链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35127867/

 

 

5、NHP源化免疫系统重建:通过移植猴源HSC到免疫缺陷小鼠体内,重建猴源化免疫系统

Robust engraftment of fetal nonhuman primate CD34-positive cells in immune-deficient mice

 

关键词:HSC engraftment, rhesus macaque hematopoietic tissues, NHPs, immune system reconstitution,NOG-EXL

 

文献链接:https://jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JLB.5TA0921-481RR

 

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